ARCOM

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Çıdık, M S (2020) Project Managing the Social Value of Built Assets: A Call for a Focus on Value Manifestation. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 36th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-8 September 2020, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 35-44.

Alzahrani, A (2017) The social value of urban design in mixed use developments in London, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Nottingham.

Awuzie, B O (2014) A viable infrastructure delivery systems model for achieving socio-economic benefits in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Salford.

Barraket, J and Loosemore, M (2018) Co-creating social value through cross-sector collaboration between social enterprises and the construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 36(07), 394–408.

Barrie, H, McDougall, K, Miller, K and Faulkner, D (0) The social value of public spaces in mixed-use high-rise buildings. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 669–89.

Belabed, Y, Kerboua, B and Tarfaoui, M (2019) New design for reducing interfacial stresses of reinforced structures with FRP plates. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(02), 196–207.

Bridgeman, J and Loosemore, M (2021) Designing Theoretically and Evidence-Based Social Procurement Programmes in Construction: A Capability Empowerment Approach. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 37th Annual ARCOM Conference, 6-7 September 2021, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 168-177.

Bridgeman, J and Loosemore, M (2024) Evaluating social procurement: a theoretically informed and methodologically robust social return on investment (SROI) analysis of a construction training initiative developed to reduce the risk of youth homelessness in Wales. Construction Management and Economics, 42(05), 387–411.

Bridgeman, J, Maple, P, Murdock, A, Hardy, S and Townley, C (2016) Demonstrating the Social Value of a Schools Engagement Programme: Introducing Young People to the Construction Professions. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 32nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2016, Manchester UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 1007–1016.

Bridgeman, J, Murdock, A, Maple, P, Townley, C and Graham, J (2015) Putting a value on young people’s journey into construction: Introducing SROI at Construction Youth Trust . In: Raiden, A and Aboagye-Nimo, E (Eds.), Proceedings 31st Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2015, Lincoln, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 207–216.

Burke, C and King A (2015) Generating social value through public sector construction procurement: A study of local authorities and SMEs. In: Raiden, A and Aboagye-Nimo, E (Eds.), Proceedings 31st Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2015, Lincoln, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 387–396.

Conejos, S, Chew, M Y and Yung, E H (2017) The future adaptivity of nineteenth century heritage buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 332–47.

Croffi, J, Kroll, D, Soebarto, V, Barrie, H and McDougall, K (0) Wellbeing fostered by design: a framework for evaluating indoor environment performance. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 507–23.

Daniel, E I and Pasquire, C (2019) Creating social value within the delivery of construction projects: the role of lean approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(06), 1105–28.

Denny-Smith, G (2021) How Compliance Imperatives Stifle the Impact of Social Procurement. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 37th Annual ARCOM Conference, 6-7 September 2021, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 634-643.

Denny-Smith, G (2022) The social value of indigenous procurement policies in the Australian construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of New South Wales.

Denny-Smith, G and Loosemore, M (2020) A Theoretical Framework of Social Value in Construction Employment. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 36th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-8 September 2020, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 45-54.

Denny-Smith, G and Loosemore, M (2017) Assessing The Impact Of Australia's Indigenous Procurement Policy Using Strain Theory. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2017, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 652–661.

Denny-Smith, G and Loosemore, M (2018) Cultural Counterfactuals: Assessing the Impact of Indigenous Social Procurement in Australia. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 34th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2018, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 435–444.

Denny-Smith, G, Loosemore, M, Barwick, D, Sunindijo, R and Piggott, L (2019) Decolonising Indigenous Social Impact Research Using Community-Based Methods. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 35th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2019, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 64-73.

Denny-Smith, G, Williams, M and Loosemore, M (2020) Assessing the impact of social procurement policies for Indigenous people. Construction Management and Economics, 38(12), 1139–57.

Denny-Smith, G, Williams, M, Loosemore, M, Sunindijo, R Y and Piggott, L (2024) What social value do Indigenous contractors create?. Construction Management and Economics, 42(01), 16–34.

Dissart, J and Ricaurte, L (0) Assessing social value in housing design: contributions of the capability approach. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 867–82.

Doloi, H (2018) Community-Centric Model for Evaluating Social Value in Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(05).

Durage, S W, Wirasinghe, S C and Ruwanpura, J Y (2017) Tornado mitigation network analysis and simulation. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 478-93.

Farag, F (2018) Understanding social value creation in public construction projects using systems thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Salford.

Farag, F F (2019) Understanding social value creation in public construction projects using systems thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford.

Farag, F, McDermott, P and Huelin, C-A (2016) The Development of an Activity Zone Conceptual Framework to Improve Social Value Implementation in Construction Projects Using Human Activity Systems. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 32nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2016, Manchester UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 975–984.

Fu, Y (2019) Organizational governance and value creation: An empirical study in megaproject contexts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Manchester.

Gale, A W and Fellows, R F (1990) Challenge and innovation: the challenge to the construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 8(04), 431-6.

Gil, N (2022) Megaprojects: a meandering journey towards a theory of purpose, value creation and value distribution. Construction Management and Economics, 40(07–08), 562–84.

Hampshire, P (2015) The development of an approach and decision support tool to inform sustainable roof selection, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Bath.

Jabang, S-W (2017) An investigation into the use of public procurement and commissioning to deliver community (societal) value, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Government and Society, University of Birmingham.

Jose, S-G and Christine, P (2011) Value theory in lean construction. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 16(01), 8–18.

Kalyviotis, N (2022) Balancing economic, social and environmental value in transport infrastructure business models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Birmingham.

Legeby, A and Pech, C (0) Social values and social infrastructures: a multi-perspective approach to place. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 801–16.

Lindgren, J and Koch, C (2021) Does Industrialised Housing Drive Sustainable Transition? Swedish Experiences. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 37th Annual ARCOM Conference, 6-7 September 2021, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 714-723.

Lloyd, E (2022) Aesthetic value in the built environment, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Cardiff University.

Loosemore, M and Alkilani, S (2022) The Collaborative Challenges Of Social Procurement . In: Tutesigensi, A and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 38th Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2022, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 176-185.

Loosemore, M and Barraket, J (2017) The Co-Creation Of Social Value Between Social Enterprises And Private Firms In The Construction Industry. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2017, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 673–682.

Loosemore, M and Bridgeman, J (2017) Can Corporate Volunteering Help Address The UK Construction Skills Shortage? . In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2017, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 410–419.

Loosemore, M and Bridgeman, J (2018) The social impact of construction industry schools-based corporate volunteering. Construction Management and Economics, 36(05), 243–58.

Loosemore, M and Reid, S (2019) The social procurement practices of tier-one construction contractors in Australia. Construction Management and Economics, 37(04), 183–200.

Loosemore, M, Alkilani, S and Mathenge, R (2020) The risks of and barriers to social procurement in construction: a supply chain perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 38(06), 552–69.

Loosemore, M, Alkilani, S Z and Mathenge, R (2019) Barriers to Employment Faced by Disadvantaged Groups Targeted by New Social Procurement Policies. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 35th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2019, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 15-23.

Loosemore, M, Bridgeman, J and Keast, R (2020) Reintegrating ex-offenders into work through construction: a case study of cross-sector collaboration in social procurement. Building Research & Information, 48(07), 731–46.

Loosemore, M, Daniele, F and Lim, B T H (2020) Integrating ex-offenders into the Australian construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 38(10), 877–93.

Loosemore, M, Higgon, D and Osborne, J (2020) Managing new social procurement imperatives in the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(10), 3075–93.

Loosemore, M, Keast, R and Alkilani, S (2023) The drivers of social procurement policy adoption in the construction industry: an Australian perspective. Building Research & Information, 51(05), 555–67.

Loosemore, M, Keast, R and Barraket, J (2022) A typology of social procurement champions in the construction and engineering industry. Construction Management and Economics, 40(05), 391–405.

Loosemore, M, Osborne, J and Higgon, D (2021) Affective, cognitive, behavioural and situational outcomes of social procurement: a case study of social value creation in a major facilities management firm. Construction Management and Economics, 39(03), 227–44.

Ma, Y (2011) A semiotic framework for buildings performance assessment, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading.

Macmillan, S (2006) Added value of good design. Building Research & Information, 34(03), 257–71.

McArthur, J (2023) Enrolment, technical mediation, and the obligatory passage point: a socio-technical examination of the Canada Green Building Council, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Edinburgh.

McDermott, V and Holdsworth, S (2017) Fringe Benefits? Planning, Building And The Development Of Community In A Neo-Liberal Landscape. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2017, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 662–671.

Morledge, R and Adnan, H (2005) The importance of trust to the success of joint venture projects. Journal of Construction Procurement, 11(02).

Mulholland, C (2020) Social value management in megaprojects: A study of UK nuclear decommissioning and remediation, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Manchester.

Murphy, M and Eadie, R (2019) Socially responsible procurement. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(01), 138–52.

Ojuri, O B (2020) Prescribing social value co-creation in networks for the Nigerian water supply sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London.

Petersen, D and Kadefors, A (2016) Social Procurement and Employment Requirements in Construction. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 32nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2016, Manchester UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 997–1006.

Raidén, A and King, A (2022) Considering, Creating and Delivering Social Value: Problematic Polarisations. In: Tutesigensi, A and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 38th Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2022, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 701-710.

Raiden, A and King, A (0) Added value and numerical measurement of social value: a critical enquiry. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 767–82.

Reid, S and Loosemore, M (2017) Motivations And Barriers To Social Procurement In The Australian Construction Industry. In: Chan, P W and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2017, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 643–651.

Rich, J R (1993) Victorian building workers and unions 1856-90, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Australian National University.

Salazar-Vela, J, Blay, K and Demian, P (2020) Social Value in the Digitalised Construction Environment. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 36th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-8 September 2020, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 75-84.

Samuel, F and Watson, K (0) Social value of the built environment. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 938–47.

Selçuk Çıdık, M (0) Politics of social value in the built environment. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 475–87.

Sharifi, A A and Farahinia, A H (2020) Evaluation of the future adaptive reuse of Mashrooteh house using the adaptSTAR model. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 771–84.

Singh, A (2012) Engineering mixes with politics. Construction Innovation, 12(02), 128-32.

Skoura, A and Madden, A (0) Assessing the social values of historic shopping arcades: building biographies. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 690–707.

Sugar, K, Mose, T M, Nolden, C, Davis, M, Eyre, N, Sanchez-Graells, A and Van der Horst, D (2022) Local decarbonisation opportunities and barriers: UK public procurement legislation. Buildings and Cities, 3(01), 895–911.

Tammo, M and Nelson, M (2012) A critical review of the concept of facilities management in community-based contexts. In: Smith, S.D (Ed.), Proceedings 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2012, Edinburgh, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 1379–88.

Tjørring, L and Gausset, Q (2019) Drivers for retrofit: a sociocultural approach to houses and inhabitants. Building Research & Information, 47(04), 394–403.

Troje, D (2020) Can I Get Some Help Down Here? Inter-Project Support for Creating Social Value through Social Procurement. In: Scott, L and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 36th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-8 September 2020, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 105-114.

Troje, D (2020) Constructing social procurement: An institutional perspective on working with employment requirements, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Chalmers University of Technology.

Troje, D (0) Improving social value through facilities management: Swedish housing companies. Buildings and Cities, 4(01), 749–66.

Troje, D (2018) Rhetorical Strategies to Diffuse Social Procurement in Construction. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 34th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2018, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 505–514.

Vakhitova, T V (2015) Rethinking conservation: Managing cultural heritage as an inhabited cultural landscape. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 5(02), 217-28.

Watson, K J and Whitley, T (2017) Applying social return on investment to the built environment. Building Research & Information, 45(08), 875-91.

Watts, G (2019) Measuring and managing the social value created by a diverse construction business, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University.

• Type: Thesis
• Keywords: benchmarking; client; conflict; content analysis; corporate social responsibility; interview; public sector procurement; social value; stakeholders
• ISBN/ISSN:
• URL: https://doi.org/10.26174/thesis.lboro.8132042.v1
• Abstract:
  Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) broadly describes the environmental, social and ethical business practices of an organisation, and has evolved from the superfluous extravagance of wealthy businessmen to a societal expectation of all organisations. Within the UK construction industry CSR is a public sector procurement criterion of such importance that how a contractor engages with CSR could ultimately be the difference between success and failure. Despite this, agreements on defining CSR are still heavily debated, resulting in both conflicting definitions, and conflicting approaches as to how CSR should be interpreted, which has arguably held back development of this important concept. Against the backdrop of these ongoing debates, contractors are now expected to communicate their CSR strategy and practices as well as measure the resulting social value. To help meet this expectation a variety of different social value measurement tools have been introduced with each offering a different interpretation of social value. This subjectivity however, adds further conflict and tension to existing CSR debates and potentially restricts the wide adoption of any single measurement tool, hindering meaningful benchmarking between organisations. The tools that have gained the most stakeholder awareness, and traction within the industry, have tended to reduce social value to monetary variables in an effort to be widely adopted. However, by doing so the wider, nuanced, and difficult to measure aspects of social value can be missed. The increasing CSR demands placed upon contractors include the need to develop strategies, practices, and effective communication techniques to satisfy disparate stakeholders, often simultaneously, in order to remain competitive and even survive as an organisation. However, such demands are not easy to meet, especially when each client has their own interpretation and expectation of CSR. The problem therefore exists that contractors with finite resources may be unsure which CSR practices to pursue, how to measure the resulting social value, and how to effectively communicate such practices to satisfy often-competing stakeholder demands. This problem manifests itself in both unsuccessful procurement attempts resulting from contractors not fully understanding client specific CSR needs, and CSR practices being undertaken that result in little social value generated. This is a specific problem in the construction industry identified by Willmott Dixon (WD), the sponsoring organisation. As part of a tender process for a high value public sector framework WD are expected to have in place a tool to effectively measure and communicate social value. The role of the researcher is to find a workable solution for WD to engage with the ambiguous and nebulous concept of CSR in a tangible and practical way. WD s social value needs to be measured and evidenced to ensure their practices are effective and to increase the likelihood of a successful public sector framework tender. The aim of this research is to explore how the concept of CSR can be operationalised and the resulting social value be measured and communicated to multiple stakeholders. The objectives include exploring the conceptualisation and measurement of CSR, establishing how CSR is communicated and understood, examining how different stakeholder interpretations can be made to align, and operationalising a tool to measure and communicate social value. Due to both the subjective nature of CSR amongst stakeholders and the objective nature in the way CSR is expected to be measured and communicated this research project is split into two main research packages. The first of which consists of an extensive literature review that informs the use of qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with both clients and contractors, as well as a Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) of contractor CSR reports. The second research package is focussed upon how CSR can be practically engaged with, and building upon the findings and understandings of the first research package, concentrates on the development, piloting and implementation of a social value measurement tool. The findings of the first research package include understanding how CSR is communicated internally and externally, and how it is understood, practiced and measured by multiple stakeholders. The first research package successfully led to the publication of four research papers (appendices 1.0 - 4.0) and informed the second research package in the development and operationalisation of a social value measurement tool, named mi|career. Mi|career is now rolled out across WD s multiple business units and played a small but positive role in the successful procurement of the £2billion public sector framework. The main contributions of this research are twofold. The first, the development of an effective social value measurement tool to fulfil WD needs. The second, a contribution to contemporary debates on CSR and social value, including an understanding of how contractors and clients make sense of CSR differently, why public sector bodies are increasingly using CSR and social value criterion in procurement, and the unanticipated negative ramifications of the introduction of the Social Value Act. Additionally. The research also contributed to the understanding of how ambiguous language use by contractors to communicate CSR with disparate stakeholders simultaneously sustains CSR (as a corporate metric and driver) and undermines it (in being viewed as a rhetorical device). This allows contractors who only symbolically engage with CSR to masquerade as those who substantially engage, and forces those who substantively engage to obfuscate the additional benefits they bring in order to be understood by clients. The EngD attended to this theoretical issue by helping to inform WD s CSR strategies, with social value measurement viewed as a method of evidencing substantial CSR engagement without the need to obfuscate their CSR communications. The research has also helped understand how the theoretical lenses of sensemaking, stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory can be successfully mobilised to develop further understandings within the field of construction management.

Watts, G, Dainty, A and Fernie, S (2019) Measuring Social Value in UK Construction. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (Eds.), Proceedings 35th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2019, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 54-63.

Watts, G, Fernie, S and Dainty, A (2019) Paradox and legitimacy in construction: how CSR reports restrict CSR practice. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(02), 231–46.

Williams, A (2019) Developing metadata and methodologies to support assessment of the social value of buildings and communities in future smart cities, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Hertfordshire.

Woolcott, G, Loosemore, M, Keast, R and Chamberlain, D (2023) Addressing youth un/underemployment through construction social procurement: an ecological systems theory perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 41(11–12), 942–60.